Software testing
can be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a software
program/application/product:
Software
testing can be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a
software program/application/product:
- 1 Meets the requirements that guided its design and development;
- Works as expected.
- Can be implemented with the same characteristics.
- Satisfies the needs of stakeholders
Software testing, depending on
the testing method employed, can be implemented at any time in the development
process. Traditionally most of the test effort occurs after the requirements
have been defined and the coding process has been completed, but in the Agile
approaches most of the test effort is on-going. As such, the methodology of the
test is governed by the chosen software development methodology.
Different software development
models will focus the test effort at different points in the development
process. Newer development models, such as Agile, often employ test-driven
development and place an increased portion of the testing in the hands of the
developer, before it reaches a formal team of testers. In a more traditional
model, most of the test execution occurs after the requirements have been
defined and the coding process has been completed
Software Testing Life Cycle
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Software Testing Types:
Black box testing – Internal system design is not
considered in this type of testing. Tests are based on requirements and
functionality.
White box testing – This testing is based on knowledge
of the internal logic of an application’s code. Also known as Glass box Testing.
Internal software and code working should be known for this type of testing.
Tests are based on coverage of code statements, branches, paths, conditions.
Unit testing – Testing of individual software
components or modules. Typically done by the programmer and not by testers, as
it requires detailed knowledge of the internal program design and code. may
require developing test driver modules or test harnesses.
Incremental integration testing – Bottom up approach
for testing i.e continuous testing of an application as new functionality is
added; Application functionality and modules should be independent enough to
test separately. done by programmers or by testers.
Integration testing – Testing of integrated modules to
verify combined functionality after integration. Modules are typically code
modules, individual applications, client and server applications on a network,
etc. This type of testing is especially relevant to client/server and
distributed systems.
Functional testing – This type of testing ignores the
internal parts and focus on the output is as per requirement or not. Black-box
type testing geared to functional requirements of an application.
System testing – Entire system is tested as per the
requirements. Black-box type testing that is based on overall requirements
specifications, covers all combined parts of a system.
End-to-end testing – Similar to system testing,
involves testing of a complete application environment in a situation that
mimics real-world use, such as interacting with a database, using network
communications, or interacting with other hardware, applications, or systems if
appropriate.
Sanity testing - Testing to determine if a new
software version is performing well enough to accept it for a major testing
effort. If application is crashing for initial use then system is not stable
enough for further testing and build or application is assigned to fix.
Regression testing – Testing the application as a
whole for the modification in any module or functionality. Difficult to cover
all the system in regression testing so typically automation tools are used for
these testing types.
Acceptance testing -Normally this type of testing is
done to verify if system meets the customer specified requirements. User or
customer do this testing to determine whether to accept application.
Load testing – Its a performance testing to check
system behavior under load. Testing an application under heavy loads, such as
testing of a web site under a range of loads to determine at what point the
system’s response time degrades or fails.
Stress testing – System is stressed beyond its
specifications to check how and when it fails. Performed under heavy load like
putting large number beyond storage capacity, complex database queries,
continuous input to system or database load.
Performance testing – Term often used interchangeably
with ‘stress’ and ‘load’ testing. To check whether system meets performance
requirements. Used different performance and load tools to do this.
Usability testing – User-friendliness check.
Application flow is tested, Can new user understand the application easily,
Proper help documented whenever user stuck at any point. Basically system
navigation is checked in this testing.
Install/uninstall testing - Tested for full, partial,
or upgrade install/uninstall processes on different operating systems under
different hardware, software environment.
Recovery testing – Testing how well a system recovers
from crashes, hardware failures, or other catastrophic problems.
Security testing – Can system be penetrated by any
hacking way. Testing how well the system protects against unauthorized internal
or external access. Checked if system, database is safe from external attacks.
Compatibility testing – Testing how well software
performs in a particular hardware/software/operating system/network environment
and different combination s of above.
Comparison testing – Comparison of product strengths
and weaknesses with previous versions or other similar products.
Alpha testing – In house virtual user environment can
be created for this type of testing. Testing is done at the end of development.
Still minor design changes may be made as a result of such testing.
Beta testing – Testing typically done by end-users or
others. Final testing before releasing application for commercial purpose.
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