26.Applets in JAVA

A Java applet is an applet delivered to users in the form of Java bytecode. Java applets can run in a Web browser using a Java Virtual Machine (JVM), or in Sun's AppletViewer, a stand-alone tool for testing applets. Java applets were introduced in the first version of the Java language in 1995, and are written in programming languages that compile to Java bytecode, usually in Java, but also in other languages such as Jython, JRuby, or Eiffel (viaSmartEiffel).

Java applets run at very fast speeds comparable to, but generally slower than, other compiled languages such as C++, but until approximately 2011 many times faster thanJavaScript. In addition they can use 3D hardware acceleration that is available from Java. This makes applets well suited for non-trivial, computation intensive visualizations. As browsers have gained support for native hardware accelerated graphics in the form of Canvasand WebGL, as well as Just in Time compiled JavaScript, the speed difference has become less noticeable.

Since Java's bytecode is cross-platform or platform independent, Java applets can be executed by browsers for many platforms, including Microsoft Windows, Unix, Mac OS andLinux. It is also trivial to run a Java applet as an application with very little extra code. This has the advantage of running a Java applet in offline mode without the need for any Internet browser software and also directly from the integrated development environment (IDE).

Applets are used to provide interactive features to web applications that cannot be provided by HTML alone. They can capture mouse input and also have controls like buttons or check boxes. In response to the user action an applet can change the provided graphic content. This makes applets well suitable for demonstration, visualization and teaching. There are online applet collections for studying various subjects, from physics to heart physiology. Applets are also used to create online game collections that allow players to compete against live opponents in real-time.

An applet can also be a text area only, providing, for instance, a cross platform command-line interface to some remote system. If needed, an applet can leave the dedicated area and run as a separate window. However, applets have very little control over web page content outside the applet dedicated area, so they are less useful for improving the site appearance in general (while applets like news tickers or WYSIWYGeditors are also known). Applets can also play media in formats that are not natively supported by the browser

HTML pages may embed parameters that are passed to the applet. Hence the same applet may appear differently depending on the parameters that were passed.

As applets have been available before CSS, they were also widely used for trivial effects like navigation buttons. This use is criticized and declining.

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